A. Whether or not any client goods (versus health-related gadgets, such as Listening to aids) have zinc-air button cell or coin batteries, and irrespective of whether this sort of products needs to be required to fulfill the overall performance specifications for battery compartments on customer products.

Opinions assert that inside the August 2018 memorandum the EPA dedicated alone to approving SIP submissions from states with contributions underneath 1 ppb, and so now the EPA should or will have to approve the good neighbor SIP submission from any state by using a contribution underneath one ppb, either determined by modeling offered at time on the condition's SIP submission or at any time. EPA Reaction:

572 U.S. at 500-502 (conveying the distinction between the “screening” Investigation at Techniques one and 2 whereby the EPA “excluded as de minimis any upwind Point out that contributed lower than a person % from the . . . NAAQS” as well as “Manage” Investigation at Stage three whereby the EPA determined “Value thresholds” to outline importance). Further, the EPA's air good quality and contribution modeling for ozone transportation is based on software on the product inside a relative sense rather than relying on complete model predictions. All styles have constraints resulting from uncertainties in inputs and scientific formulation.

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Comments mistakenly see Attachment A to your March 2018 memorandum releasing modeling results as constituting agency advice. The EPA even further disagrees with commenters' characterization of the EPA's stance concerning the “flexibilities” shown (without Evaluation) in Attachment A. Attachment A to your March 2018 memorandum recognized a “Preliminary Listing of Potential Flexibilities” that can likely advise SIP enhancement.[297] Having said that, the EPA manufactured crystal clear in that attachment that the listing of Concepts weren't suggestions endorsed through the Company but fairly “remarks delivered in a variety of forums” from outside the house events on which the EPA sought “feedback from intrigued stakeholders.” [298] More, Attachment A mentioned, “EPA is not at this time producing any resolve that the Tips mentioned later on are per the necessities from the CAA, nor are we exclusively recommending that states use these ways.” [299] Attachment A on the March 2018 memorandum, as a result, would not represent company advice, but was meant to make more discussion all around prospective strategies to addressing ozone transportation among the fascinated stakeholders. The EPA emphasized Within this memorandum that any such option ways must be technically justified and suitable in gentle on the information and situation of each specific point out's submittal.

Additional, the EPA's application of the 1 percent of your NAAQS threshold has become regularly Employed in see-and-remark rulemakings starting Along with the CSAPR rulemaking in 2010-2011 and like the two FIP steps (CSAPR Update and Revised CSAPR Update) and diverse steps on ozone transport SIP submissions. In each scenario, the one % of the NAAQS threshold was matter to arduous vetting by way of public remark plus the Agency's reaction to Those people responses, like through analytical evaluations of different thresholds. See, e.g.,

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.[76] That may be, monitoring web pages which has a optimum design value that exceeds the NAAQS are projected to own servicing challenges Later on analytic yrs. Recognizing that nonattainment receptors are, by definition, servicing receptors, the EPA generally utilizes the phrase “maintenance-only” to check with receptors that are not also nonattainment receptors. According to the ideas for routine maintenance receptors, as described before, the EPA identifies “servicing-only” receptors as People monitoring sites which have projected typical style values over the level of your applicable NAAQS, but that aren't at the moment measuring nonattainment based upon The latest Formal layout values.

These reviews declare mobile resources are federally controlled and, therefore, the EPA bears the obligation to either take action to cut back cellular supply emissions nationwide or inspire downwind states to carry out tactics to reduce their unique nearby cell resource emissions. Response:

approximately 7 % of overall upwind condition contribution was shed according to the modeling underlying the August 2018 memorandum; inside the EPA's 2016v2 and 2016v3 modeling, the quantity dropped is five per cent). Even more, this logic has no finish issue. The same observation may very well be created with regard to any incremental change. By way of example, must the EPA next figure out a 1.two ppb threshold because that will only induce some small extra loss in seize of upwind state contribution in comparison with one ppb? If the only foundation for moving into a 1 ppb threshold is that it captures a “equivalent” (but truly more compact) amount of upwind contribution, then there's no basis for going to that threshold in the slightest degree. Contemplating the core statutory goal of making certain elimination of all major contribution to nonattainment or interference with servicing on the NAAQS in other states and also the broad, regional mother nature on the collective contribution trouble with respect to ozone, we go on to uncover no compelling coverage reason to undertake a fresh threshold for all states of 1 ppb. What's more, it is unclear why use of a one ppb threshold can be suitable for all states below a more protecting NAAQS any time a one % from the NAAQS contribution threshold has been used for fewer protective NAAQS.

Incorporating test techniques for instance torque and tensile checks for parts of a consumer solution that may be gripped by a Kid's fingers or teeth, or possibly a tensile test for pliable elements, decreases the probability of children gaining entry to button cell or coin batteries. Based on workers's evaluation of those test procedures in the ASTM F963 toy conventional, the Commission determines that their inclusion in UL 4200A-2023 sufficiently exams the sturdiness and integrity of battery compartments in products with pliable materials, for instance shirts and greeting playing cards that light up or make seem employing batteries.

Individuals states that contain receptors signifying ozone nonattainment or servicing troubles). The Administrator finds that this is a subject on which countrywide uniformity in judicial resolution of any petitions for overview is fascinating, to make the most of the D.C. Circuit's administrative legislation know-how, also to aid the orderly advancement of The fundamental legislation beneath the Act. The Administrator also finds that consolidated critique of the action from the D.

if a grid cell is over 50 p.c drinking water but consists of an air top quality watch, that cell would keep on being from the calculation). The selection of in excess of fifty % on the grid mobile area as h2o as the factors for figuring out overwater grid cells is predicated within 88FED the treatment method of land use inside the Temperature Investigation and Forecasting product (WRF). Exclusively, within the WRF meteorological design those grid cells that are larger than fifty% overwater are handled as remaining one hundred pc overwater. In these kinds of conditions the meteorological problems in your complete grid mobile reflect the vertical mixing and winds above water, regardless of whether Element of the grid mobile also comes about to be above land with land-based emissions, as can often be the case for coastal areas.

major 10 days) in 2023 using the exact solution as being the EPA used in the proposed motion and while in the Revised CSAPR Update.[eighty] This regular contribution metric is intended to supply a reasonable illustration of the contribution from specific states to projected foreseeable future calendar year design values, based on modeled transportation designs as well as other meteorological circumstances commonly connected with modeled higher ozone concentrations on the receptor.